Lidocaine, 20 mg/ml 2 ml 10 pcs
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Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug.
The antiarrhythmic activity is due to inhibition of phase 4 (diastolic depolarization) in Purkinje fibers, reduction of automaticity, suppression of ectopic foci of excitation. The rate of rapid depolarization (phase 0) is not affected or slightly reduced. Increases membrane permeability to potassium ions, accelerates the process of repolarization and shortens the action potential. It does not change sinus-atrial node excitability and has little effect on conduction and myocardial contractility. When administered intravenously it works quickly and shortly (10-20 min).
The mechanism of local anesthetic effect consists in stabilization of neuronal membrane, reducing its permeability to sodium ions, which prevents the emergence of action potential and impulse conduction.
Possible antagonism with calcium ions. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in a weakly alkaline environment of tissues and after a short latent period is active for 60-90 minutes. During inflammation (tissue acidosis) anesthetic activity decreases. It is effective for all types of local anesthesia. It dilates blood vessels. It has no irritating effect on the tissues.
When using the drug in pharyngeal or nasopharyngeal surgery the pharyngeal reflex is suppressed. By reaching the larynx and trachea, the drug is good at slowing down the cough reflex, which can lead to bronchopneumonia.
The action of lidocaine in aerosol form develops within 1 min and lasts 5-6 min. The desensitization achieved slowly disappears within 15 min.
It is evenly distributed in the body. It penetrates through the placental barrier.
Indications
- prevention and treatment of ventricular rhythm disturbances (ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia) associated with the acute phase of myocardial infarction, other forms of CHD, as well as caused by drugs (cardiac glycosides).
Local anesthesia: superficial, infiltration, conduction, epidural, spinal, intraligamentary in surgical procedures, painful manipulations, endoscopic and instrumental studies.
In dental practice, oral surgery:
- open superficial abscesses;
- removal of movable loose teeth;
- removal of bone fragments and suturing of mucosal wounds;
- anesthesia of gingiva for fixation of crown or bridge;
- Manual or instrumental removal (or excision) of enlarged papilla of tongue;
- to decrease or suppress elevated pharyngeal reflex in preparation for radiological examination;
- anesthesia in excision of superficial benign tumors of the oral mucosa;
- in children – for frenullectomy and opening of salivary gland cysts.
In ENT practice:
- before electrocoagulation (in the treatment of nasal bleeding), septectomy and resection of nasal polyps;
- before tonsillectomy to reduce pharyngeal reflex and anesthetize the injection site;
- as additional anesthesia before opening a peritonsillar abscess or before puncture of the maxillary sinus;
- anesthesia before sinus lavage.
In endoscopy and instrumental examinations:
- anesthesia before insertion through the nose or mouth of various probes (duodenal probe, before fractional food test);
- anesthesia before rectoscopy and in case of catheter replacement.
In obstetrics and gynecology:
- anesthesia of the perineum to treat and/or perform an episiotomy;
- anesthesia of the operating field in vaginal or cervical surgery;
- anesthesia for excision and treatment of ruptured hymen;
- anesthesia for suturing abscesses.
In dermatology:
- anesthesia of mucous membranes in minor surgical interventions.
Active ingredient
Lidocaine
Composition
Active substance:
Lidocaine hydrochloride;
Auxiliary substances:
Sodium chloride,
Sodium caustic soda 1 M solution to pH 5.0 – 7.0
water for injection.
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How to take, the dosage
For local conduction anesthesia the usual dose is 5 ml to 10 ml of Lidocaine 2% solution. For brachial and sacral plexus anesthesia 5-10 ml of 2% solution is administered. For anesthesia of the fingers and toes, 2 ml to 3 ml of 2% solution is administered. The maximum dose of Lidocaine 2% solution is 10 ml, and this dose should not be administered again within 24 hours. In local anesthesia the drug should be injected into highly vascularized tissues with caution to avoid its entry into the bloodstream. Before administering Lidocaine in high doses, administration of barbiturates is recommended.
When used in cardiology, the single dose is 1-2 mg/kg body weight and can be up to a maximum of 100 mg. This dose may be repeated every 3 to 4 minutes up to a total dose of 300 mg.
Intravenous drip is administered at a dose of 20-55 mcg/kg/min, but no more than 2 mg/min in isotonic solution or Ringer’s solution. IV drip infusion is used only after a jet infusion. The duration of IV drip administration is 24-36 hours.
I/m is administered in a dose of 2-4 mg/kg of body weight into the gluteal or deltoid muscle at intervals of 4 h to 6 h. The single dose should not exceed 200 mg.
In myocardial infarction, prior to transporting the patient to the hospital, Lidocaine is administered 4 mg/kg in a single prophylactic dose (200 to 300 mg maximum) in a m/m dose.
Interaction
It is undesirable to combine lidocaine with the following drugs:
With beta-adrenoblockers because of increased toxic properties of lidocaine, with digitoxin because of weakened cardiotonic effects, with curare-like drugs because muscle relaxation is increased.
Lidocaine should not be used with aymalin, amiodarone, verapamil or quinidine due to increased cardiodepressant effects.
The combined use of lidocaine and novocainamide may cause CNS agitation and hallucinations.
In intravenous administration of hexenal or thiopental sodium with lidocaine may cause respiratory depression.
MoA inhibitors may increase the local anesthetic effect of lidocaine. Patients taking MAO inhibitors should not administer lidocaine parenterally.
The simultaneous administration of lidocaine and polymyxin-B may increase the inhibitory effect on neuromuscular transmission, so the respiratory function of the patient should be monitored in this case.
The simultaneous use of lidocaine with hypnotics or sedatives may increase their CNS depressant effect. When lidocaine is administered intravenously to patients taking cimetidine such unwanted effects as stunned state, somnolence, bradycardia, parasthesias and others are possible. This is associated with increased plasma levels of lidocaine, which is explained by the release of lidocaine from bonding with blood proteins, as well as a slowdown of its inactivation in the liver. If combination therapy with these drugs is necessary, the dose of lidocaine should be reduced.
Pharmaceutical interaction
When used concomitantly, the following drugs increase the concentration of lidocaine in blood serum: aminazin, cimetidine, propranolol, pethidine, bupivacaine, quinidine, disopyramide, amitriptyline, imipramine, nortriptyline.
Special Instructions
With caution is used in patients with liver dysfunction, circulatory insufficiency, arterial hypotension, renal failure, epilepsy. In these cases the drug dosage should be reduced.
In case of rapid intravenous administration there may be a sharp decrease in blood pressure and development of collapse.
In these cases, mesaton, ephedrine and other vasoconstrictors are used. Care should be used when administering lidocaine solutions into highly vascularized tissue to avoid entrapment in the lumen (e.g., neck during thyroid surgery) (Lower doses of lidocaine are indicated in these cases).
Particular caution should be exercised when mucosal trauma is present, when there is mental retardation, and in very old and/or debilitated patients who are already receiving lidocaine-type medications for cardiac problems.
In dentistry and orthopedics, the drug should only be used with elastic impression materials.
Ingestion of the aerosol or contact with the eyes should be avoided and it is important to prevent aerosol from entering the respiratory tract (risk of aspiration). Special care should be taken when applying to the back of the throat. Remember that Lidocaine suppresses the pharyngeal reflex and inhibits the cough reflex, which can lead to aspiration and bronchopneumonia.
Pediatric use
Keep in mind that children have a much more frequent swallowing reflex than adults.
Lidocaine in aerosol form is not recommended for local anesthesia before tonsillectomy and adenotomy in children under 8 years of age.
Influence on driving and operating machinery
If the side effects after using the drug do not cause discomfort, there are no restrictions on driving and operating machinery.
Contraindications
- Sinus node weakness syndrome.
- Developed bradycardia.
- Atrioventricular block of degree 2 and 3 (except when a ventricular simulation probe is inserted).
- Cardiogenic shock.
- Myasthenia gravis.
- High individual sensitivity to lidocaine.
- A history of lidocaine-induced epileptiform seizures.
- Developed impairment of liver function.
When plaster is used in dentistry as an impression material, aerosol is contraindicated because of the risk of aspiration.
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Side effects
- headache
- dizziness
- numbness of the tongue and oral mucosa
- reduction of blood pressure
- reduction of heart rate
- a burning sensation when the aerosol hits the anesthetized surface (stops a few seconds after the onset of anesthesia).
.slowed heart rate
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Overdose
Symptoms: initial signs of intoxication – dizziness, nausea, vomiting, euphoria, asthenia, decreased blood pressure; then – facial mimic muscles convulsions, tonic-clonic convulsions of skeletal muscles, psychomotor agitation, bradycardia, collapse; when used in childbirth in a newborn – bradycardia, respiratory center suppression, respiratory arrest.
Treatment: at the first signs of intoxication the administration is stopped, the patient is transferred to a horizontal position; inhalation of oxygen is prescribed. In case of convulsions – intravenous 10 mg of diazepam. In bradycardia: m-cholinoblockers (atropine), vasoconstrictors (norepinephrine, phenylephrine). Intubation, artificial lung ventilation, resuscitation measures are possible. Dialysis is ineffective.
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Pregnancy use
The use of Lidocaine in pregnancy should be excluded, because after I.V. administration the drug passes through the placenta after a few minutes.
Lidocaine aerosol can be used during pregnancy because it is safe in the recommended doses.
It is not known whether lidocaine is excreted with breast milk. Caution should be exercised when prescribing the drug to a nursing mother.
In lactation, the use of the drug is possible after careful assessment of the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the infant.
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Similarities
Lidocaine, Versatis, Lidocaine-Vial
Weight | 0.058 kg |
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Shelf life | 2 years |
Conditions of storage | In a light-protected place, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C |
Manufacturer | Borisov Medical Preparations Plant, Belarus |
Medication form | solution for injection |
Brand | Borisov Medical Preparations Plant |
Other forms…
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