Levomycetin Reneval, 1% alcohol 25 ml

Pharmacotherapeutic group: antibiotic.

The ATX code: D06AX02

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
The active ingredient of the drug is chloramphenicol – a broad spectrum antibiotic with high antibacterial activity against the causative agent of wound infection and various forms of pyo-inflammatory processes.
Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic antibiotic that disrupts protein synthesis in microbial cell (possessing good lipophilicity, penetrates through bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds with 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes where amino acid transfer to growing peptide chains is delayed that leads to disruption of protein synthesis). It is active against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.) and Gram-negative cocci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis), bacteria (Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Proteus spp.), rickettsia, spirochetes, some major viruses. The drug is active against strains resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, streptomycin, sulfonamides. Microbial resistance to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly. It promotes purification and healing of burn purulent wounds and trophic ulcers and accelerates epithelialization.

Pharmacokinetics
The degree of systemic action when using the drug externally has not been studied.

Indications

Bacterial skin infections caused by sensitive microorganisms, including infected burns (superficial and limited deep), bedsores, trophic ulcers, wounds, boils.

Pharmacological effect

Pharmacotherapeutic group: antibiotic.

ATX code: D06AX02

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
The active ingredient of the drug is chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic with high antibacterial activity against the causative agent of wound infection and various forms of purulent-inflammatory processes.
Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that disrupts the process of protein synthesis in the microbial cell (having good lipophilicity, it penetrates the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, in which the movement of amino acids to growing peptide chains is delayed, which leads to disruption of protein synthesis). Active against gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.) and gram-negative cocci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis), bacteria (Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Proteus spp.), rickettsia, spirochetes, and some large viruses. The drug is active against strains resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Resistance of microorganisms to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly. Promotes cleansing and healing of burn purulent wounds and trophic ulcers, accelerates epithelization.

Pharmacokinetics
The degree of systemic action during external use of the drug has not been studied.

Special instructions

During treatment, systematic monitoring of peripheral blood patterns is necessary. Prescribe with caution to patients who have previously received treatment with cytotoxic drugs or radiation therapy. When taking ethanol simultaneously, a disulfiram-like reaction may develop (skin hyperemia, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, reflex cough, convulsions).

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery
The drug does not affect the speed of neuromuscular conduction; in recommended doses it can be used by persons driving vehicles and other machinery.

Active ingredient

Chloramphenicol [D,L]

Composition

Active ingredient:
Chloramphenicol – 0.25 g
‒ 1 g
– 3 g
– 5 g
Excipient:
ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 70%
–
up to 100 ml

Pregnancy

When applied topically, systemic absorption is possible. In this regard, nursing women should stop either breastfeeding or using the drug. Contraindicated for use during pregnancy.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance, pregnancy and lactation, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, acute intermittent porphyria, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, liver, kidney failure, skin diseases (fungal diseases, psoriasis, eczema), neonatal period (up to 4 weeks).

With caution

Early childhood; previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs or radiation therapy.

Side Effects

Allergic reactions: skin rash, angioedema.
From the hematopoietic organs: rarely – thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, erythropenia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.

Interaction

When used simultaneously with erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, a mutual weakening of the effect is observed due to the fact that chloramphenicol can displace these drugs from the bound state or prevent their binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Reduces the antibacterial effect of penicillins and cephalosporins.
Medicines that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis increase the risk of myelosuppression.

Overdose

May occur if the drug is accidentally taken orally.
Symptoms: “gray syndrome” (cardiovascular syndrome) in premature and newborns when treated with high doses (the cause of development is the accumulation of chloramphenicol due to the immaturity of liver enzymes and its direct toxic effect on the myocardium) – bluish-gray skin color, low body temperature, irregular breathing, lack of reactions, cardiovascular failure (mortality reaches 40%).
Treatment: hemosorption, symptomatic therapy.

Storage conditions

In a pack at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

2 years.
Do not use after expiration date.

Manufacturer

Update of PFC JSC, Russia