Rosuvastatin, 40 mg 30 pcs

Pharmgroup:

Hypolipidemic drug – HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.

Pharmic action:

Hypolipidemic drug, a selective competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA to mevalonate, a cholesterol precursor.

The main target of action is the liver, where cholesterol synthesis and LDL catabolism take place. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase activity (90% of the drug circulates in the blood).

Increases the number of LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, increasing the capture and catabolism of LDL, which leads to inhibition of LDL synthesis, reducing the total amount of LDL and LDL.

. Reduces concentrations of LDL-C, non-LDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, TG, TG-LDL, apolipoprotein B (apoB), LDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio, total cholestrin/LDL cholesterol, non-LDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol, apoB/apoA-I, increases the concentration of HDL cholesterol, apoA-I. Hypolipidemic effect is directly proportional to the value of the prescribed dose.

Therapeutic effect appears within 1 week after the start of therapy, after 2 weeks it reaches 90% of the maximum, the maximum effect is usually reached by 4 weeks and thereafter remains constant.

It is effective in adult patients with hypercholesterolemia with or without hypertriglyceridemia (regardless of race, sex or age), including patients with diabetes and familial hypercholesterolemia.

Additive effect is noted in combination with fenofibrate (with respect to reduction of TG concentration) and nicotinic acid (with respect to reduction of HDL cholesterol concentration).

Pharmacokinetics:

The bioavailability is 20%. Food reduces the rate of absorption. Binding with plasma proteins (mainly with albumin) – 90%. TCmax is 3-5 hours. It penetrates through placental barrier. It is accumulated in the liver. Volume of distribution – 134 l.

It is metabolized in the liver in 10% of the administered dose. As in the case of other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, a specific membrane cholesterol transporter is involved in the hepatic uptake of the drug, which plays an important role in its hepatic elimination. Rosuvastatin has been shown to be a non-core substrate for metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

The main isoenzyme involved in metabolism of rosuvastatin is CYP2C9. CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2D6 enzymes are less involved in metabolism. The main metabolite is N-desmethyl, which has 1/6-1/2 of the activity of rosuvastatin; lactone metabolites are pharmacologically inactive. T1/2 is 19 h (does not change with increasing drug dose). Mean geometric plasma clearance is 50 l/h.

Extracted mainly unchanged (90%) in the feces (including adsorbed and unadsorbed rosuvastatin); the remaining part is excreted in the urine. It is not excreted by hemodialysis.

Gender and age have no clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin.

Pharmacokinetic parameters depend on race: AUC in Japanese and Chinese is 2 times higher than in Europe and North America.

In patients with mild to moderately severe renal impairment plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin or N-dismethyl do not change significantly. In patients with severe renal impairment (CK< 30 ml/min) plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin are 3 times higher and N-dismethyl – 9 times higher than in healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin in patients on hemodialysis are approximately 50% higher than in healthy volunteers.

In patients with various stages of hepatic failure with Child-Pugh score 7 and lower there was no increase of T1/2 of rosuvastatin; in 2 patients with Child-Pugh scores 8 and 9 it was observed prolongation of T1/2 by 2 times. There is no experience of using the drug in patients with more severe liver dysfunction.

Indications

• Primary hypercholesterolemia (type IIa, including familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia) or mixed hypercholesterolemia (type IIb) as an adjunct to diet when diet and other non-pharmacological treatments (exercise, body weight reduction) are insufficient.
• Family homozygous hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to diet and other cholesterol-lowering therapy (LDL-apheresis) or when such therapy is not suitable for the patient.
  

Active ingredient

Rosuvastatin

Composition

Rosuvastatin 40 mg.

How to take, the dosage

Overly, the tablet should not be chewed or crushed, swallowed whole with water, can be taken at any time of the day regardless of meals.

The recommended starting dose is 10 mg once daily; if necessary, the dose can be increased to 20 mg after 4 weeks; Increasing the dose to 40 mg is possible only under medical supervision in patients with severe homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with a high risk of cardiovascular complications (especially in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia) who have not achieved the desired therapy result with the 20 mg dose.

Patients with risk factors for myopathy should have a starting dose of 5 mg.

When administered with gemfibrozil, the dose of rosuvastatin should not exceed 10 mg/day.

In mild to moderate renal impairment and in elderly adults, no dose adjustment is required.
There is no experience of using the drug in patients with hepatic impairment above 9 on the Child-Pugh scale.

Interaction

Cyclosporine increases the effect of rosuvastatin (slows down its elimination, increases AUC by 7 times, Cmax by 11 times), vitamin K antagonists (including warfarin, may lead to increased prothrombin time, its monitoring is recommended).

Gemfibrozil enhances the effect of rosuvastatin (increases its Cmax and AUC by 2-fold).

Antacids containing Al3+ and Mg2+, reduce plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin by approximately 50% (antacids should be used 2 h after taking rosuvastatin, the clinical significance of this interaction has not been studied).

Eritromycin increases gastrointestinal motility, which leads to a decrease in the effect of rosuvastatin (reduces its AUC by 20% and Cmax by 30%).

Enhances the effect of oral contraceptives (increases the AUC of ethinylestradiol and norgestrel by 26% and 34%, respectively, which should be considered when choosing a dose of oral contraceptives). There are no pharmacokinetic data on concomitant use of rosuvastatin and hormone replacement therapy, therefore, a similar effect cannot be excluded with this combination.

No clinically significant interaction of rosuvastatin with digoxin or fenofibrate is expected.

Hemfibrozil, other fibrates, and lipid-lowering doses of nicotinic acid (high doses or 1 g/day equivalent) increase the risk of myopathy when used concomitantly with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, possibly due to the fact that they themselves may cause myopathy when used as monotherapy.

The results of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that rosuvastatin is neither an inhibitor nor an inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

In addition, rosuvastatin is a non-core substrate for these enzymes. No clinically significant interactions between rosuvastatin and fluconazole (CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor) and ketoconazole (CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 inhibitor) have been noted.

The co-administration of rosuvastatin and itraconazole (CYP3A4 inhibitor) increases the AUC of rosuvastatin by 28% (clinically insignificant). Thus, no interaction related to metabolism through the cytochrome P450 system is expected.

Concomitant use with Peroids that reduce the concentration of endogenous steroid hormones (including cimetidine, ketoconazole, spironolactone) increases the risk of reduction of endogenous steroid hormones.

Special Instructions

Before the start of therapy and throughout the treatment period, a standard hypolipidemic diet should be followed. During treatment every 2-4 weeks the lipid profile should be monitored and according to it the dose of the drug should be adjusted if necessary.

The dose of 40 mg is contraindicated in patients with risk factors for rhabdomyolysis (moderate renal failure (CKG less than 60 ml/min), hypothyroidism, own or family history of muscle disease, myotoxicity while taking other drugs). In patients taking the drug at a dose of 40 mg, it is recommended to monitor renal function parameters.

The determination of CPK activity should not be performed after vigorous physical activity or in the presence of other possible causes of CPK increase, which may lead to misinterpretation of the results. If the baseline CPK increase is 5 times the upper limit of normal in 5-7 days the measurement should be repeated. The therapy should not be started if repeated test confirms an initial increase of CPK activity more than 5 times higher than the upper limit of normal.
In patients with existing risk factors of rhabdomyolysis the correlation of risk and possible benefit of therapy should be considered and clinical observation should be performed during the whole course of treatment.

The patient should be informed of the need to immediately inform the physician if muscle pain, muscle weakness or cramps occur unexpectedly, especially in conjunction with malaise and fever. In such patients, CPK activity should be monitored. Therapy should be stopped if CPK activity is increased more than 5 times the upper limit of normal, or if muscle symptoms are severe and cause daily discomfort (even if CPK activity is 5 times less than the upper limit of normal). If symptoms disappear and CPK activity returns to normal, re prescription of the drug or other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors at lower doses should be considered with close monitoring of the patient. Routine monitoring of CPK activity in the absence of symptoms of rhabdomyolysis is not advisable.

An increase in myositis and myopathy has been reported in patients taking other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in combination with fibrin acid derivatives, including gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, nicotinic acid, azole antifungals, protease inhibitors and macrolide antibiotics. Gemfibrozil increases the risk of myopathy when concomitantly prescribed with some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Thus, concomitant administration of rosuvastatin and gemfibrozil is not recommended. The risk/benefit ratio of co-administration of rosuvastatin and fibrates or nicotinic acid should be carefully weighed.

Liver function tests are recommended before therapy and 3 months after the start of therapy. If serum “hepatic” transaminase activity exceeds 3 times the upper limit of normal, the drug dose should be reduced or discontinued.

In most cases, proteinuria decreases or disappears during therapy and does not indicate the onset of acute or progressive existing renal disease.

If hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism or nephrotic syndrome are combined, therapy for the underlying disease should be given before starting treatment with rosuvastatin.

Perhaps caution should be exercised when driving or working with high concentration and psychomotor reaction (dizziness may occur during therapy).

Women of reproductive age should use adequate methods of contraception. Since cholesterol and substances synthesized from cholesterol are important for fetal development, the potential risk of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition exceeds the benefit of using the drug during pregnancy. A study in rats (use in doses ranging from 2-50 mg/kg/day) showed decreased fetal weight, delayed bone ossification in the fetus, and decreased survival of the offspring.

If pregnancy occurs during therapy, the drug should be stopped immediately. There are no data on excretion of rosuvastatin with the milk of women, so breastfeeding should be discontinued.

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Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity.
• Hepatic diseases in the active phase (including a persistent increase in “hepatic” transaminase activity, as well as any increase in “hepatic” transaminase activity in blood serum more than 3 times the upper limit of normal).
• Developed renal dysfunction (CK pregnancy, lactation; women of reproductive age who do not use adequate methods of contraception.
• Age under 18 years of age (efficacy and safety not established).

With caution:

• Hypothyroidism.
• Personal or family history of hereditary muscle disease and prior history of muscle Toxicity when using other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or fibrates).
• Alcohol dependence.
• Age over 65 years.
• History of liver disease.
• Sepsis.
• Arterial hypotension,
• Overwhelming surgical interventions.
• Trauma.
• Severe metabolic, endocrine, or electrolyte disorders.
• Proteinuria.
• Uncontrolled epilepsy,
• Asians (Japanese and Chinese).

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Side effects

The incidence of side effects is dose-dependent: frequently (1-10%), less frequently (0.1-1%), rarely (0.01-0.1%).

Nervous system disorders:often – headache, dizziness, asthenic syndrome; less frequently – anxiety, depression, insomnia, neuralgia, paresthesias.

Gastrointestinal disorders:often – constipation, nausea, abdominal pain; frequency unknown – reversible transient dose-dependent increase in “liver” transaminases activity; less frequently – dyspepsia (including diarrhea, flatulence, vomiting), gastritis, gastroenteritis.

In the respiratory system:often – pharyngitis; less frequently – rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, cough, dyspnea, pneumonia.

From the heart rate: less frequent – angina pectoris, increased BP, palpitations, vasodilation.

Musculoskeletal system:often, myalgia; less frequently, arthralgia, arthritis, muscle hypertonicity, back pain, pathological limb fracture (without injury); rarely, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (concomitantly with impaired renal function, with the drug in a dose of 40 mg).

Urinary system disorders:Canal proteinuria (in less than 1% of cases for 10 and 20 mg doses, 3% of cases for 40 mg dose); less frequently, peripheral edema (arms, legs, ankles, shins), lower abdominal pain, urinary tract infections.

Allergic reactions: less frequently – skin rash, skin itching; rarely – angioedema.

In terms of laboratory parameters: transient dose-dependent increase in CPK activity (if CPK activity increases more than 5 times the upper limit of normal, therapy should be temporarily suspended).

Others: less common: accidental trauma, anemia, chest pain, diabetes mellitus, ecchymosis, flu-like syndrome, periodontal abscess.

Overdose

treatment: symptomatic, control of liver function and CPK activity is necessary; there is no specific antidote, hemodialysis is ineffective.

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Similarities

Mertenil, Crestor, Rosulip, Rosucard, Rosart, Rosuvastatin, Rosistarque, Roxera, Suvardio, Rosuvastatin NW, Cardiolip