Xalatamax, eye drops 0.005%, 2.5ml

Antiglaucoma drug for topical use. Latanoprost is an analogue of prostaglandin F_2α and a selective agonist of FP-receptors. By increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, it reduces intraocular pressure and has an anti-glaucoma effect. The main mechanism of action is to increase uveoscleral outflow. It has no significant effect on the production of aqueous humor and does not affect the heme-ophthalmic barrier.

The decrease of intraocular pressure starts 3-4 hours after the drug is injected; the maximal effect is registered after 8-12 hours; the duration of action is at least 24 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Intake

It penetrates well through the cornea, with hydrolysis of latanoprost to its biologically active form – latanoprost acid. C_max of latanoprost in aqueous humor is reached approximately 2 hours after topical application of the drug.

Latanoprost acid is virtually unmetabolized in the tissues of the eye; metabolism occurs primarily in the liver.

Metabolism and excretion

T_1/2 is 17 min. The major metabolites, 1,2-dinor- and 1,2,3,4-tetranor-metabolites, have no or little biological activity and are excreted by the kidneys.

Indications

Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in adults and children (over 1 year of age) with open-angle glaucoma or increased ophthalmotonus.

Active ingredient

Latanoprost

Composition

1 ml contains:

The active ingredients:

Latanoprost 0.05 mg;

Supplementary substances:

benzalkonium chloride – 200 µg,

sodium dihydrophosphate monohydrate – 4.6 mg,

sodium hydrophosphate – 4.74 mg,

sodium chloride – 4.1 mg,

purified water – 996.31 mg.

How to take, the dosage

The drug is injected into the conjunctival sac of the eyes 1 drop 1 time/day, in the evening.

If a dose is missed, the next dose is given as usual (i.e., the dose is not doubled).

If the drug is administered more frequently, its effectiveness is reduced.

The duration of the course of treatment and whether it can be repeated is determined by the doctor.

Interaction

Latanoprost has an additive effect in reducing intraocular pressure when used in combination with beta-adrenoblockers, adrenomimetics, carboenhydrase inhibitors and a partial additive effect when used in combination with m-cholinomimetics.

In vitro studies have shown that precipitation occurs when eye drops containing thiomersal are mixed with latanoprost. Therefore, eye drops containing these substances should be used at least 5 minutes apart.

The simultaneous use of 2 prostaglandin analogues may cause a paradoxical increase in intraocular pressure.

Special Instructions

Latanoprost can cause a gradual change in eye color by increasing the amount of brown pigment in the iris. This effect is mostly seen in patients with mixed iris color, such as blue-brown, gray-brown, green-brown, or yellow-brown, which is due to an increase in melanin in the stromal melanocytes of the iris.

Brown pigmentation usually spreads concentrically around the pupil to the periphery of the iris, and the entire iris or portions of the iris may become more intense brown. In patients with uniformly blue, gray, green or brown colored eyes, color changes are very rare after two years of use. The color change was not accompanied by any clinical symptoms or pathological changes. No further increase in brown pigment has been observed after withdrawal of the drug, but the color change that has already developed may be irreversible. In the presence of nevi or lentigotes on the iris, no change was observed under the influence of therapy.

People should be advised of the possibility of ocular color change prior to treatment. If there is intense change in eye pigmentation, treatment may be discontinued. Treatment of only one eye may result in permanent heterochromia.

Latanoprost can cause gradual changes in eyelashes and down hair, such as lengthening, thickening, increased pigmentation, increased density, and changes in the direction of eyelash growth. Eyelash changes are reversible and go away after treatment is discontinued.

The drug contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed into contact lenses. If contact lenses are used, they should be removed before insertion and put on again not earlier than 15-20 minutes after instillation of the drug.

The bottle should be closed after each use.

The tip of the pipette should not touch the eye.

Impact on driving and operating machinery

Patients who have transient blurred vision after use of the eye drops are not recommended to drive or operate moving machinery until vision is restored.

Synopsis

Eye drops 0.005% transparent, colorless.

Contraindications

• High sensitivity to latanoprost or other drug components.
• Early 1 year of age (efficacy and safety not established)

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Side effects

An organ of vision: Eye irritation (burning sensation, sensation of sand in the eye, itching, tingling and sensation of foreign body), blepharitis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pain, increased iris pigmentation, Transient pinpoint epithelial erosions, eyelid edema, corneal edema and erosions, conjunctivitis, lengthening, thickening, increased number and increased pigmentation of eyelashes and downy hair, iritis/veitis, keratitis, macular edema (including cystoid).including cystoid), changes in the direction of eyelash growth, sometimes causing eye irritation, blurred vision.

Dermatological reactions: Rash, darkening of eyelid skin and local skin reactions on the side of the eyelids.

Nervous system disorders: Dizziness headache.

Respiratory system: Bronchial asthma (including acute attacks or exacerbation of the disease in patients with a history of bronchial asthma), dyspnea.

Muscular system disorders: Muscle pain, joint pain.

Others6 Non-specific chest pain.

Overdose

In case of overdose symptomatic treatment is carried out.

Apart from irritation of the ocular mucosa, conjunctival or episcleral hyperemia, there are no known other adverse effects on the visual organ in case of latanoprost overdose.

Pregnancy use

If it is necessary to use the drug, breastfeeding should be stopped.

The effect of latanoprost on male and female fertility in animal studies was not detected.

Similarities

Xalatan, Glauprost, Glaumax, Prolatan, Prolatan eye drops, Trilactan, Latanoprost-Optic