Pentoxifylline, 20 mg/ml 5 ml 10 pcs

Pentoxifylline is a drug that improves microcirculation. Angioprotector.

It improves microcirculation and blood rheology, has a vasodilator effect, blocks phosphodiesterase and promotes u-AMP accumulation in cells. Increases the elasticity of the erythrocyte membrane, reduces their adhesion, reduces platelet aggregation and blood viscosity. It blocks adenosine receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

Metabolized by the liver. Several active metabolites are formed during metabolism.

The drug is excreted mainly through the kidneys as metabolites. Less than 4% of the administered dose is excreted in the feces.

In patients with impaired hepatic function the bioavailability of the drug is increased and its T1/2 is prolonged.

Indications

Dizziness, Deterioration of hearing, Cramps of the calf muscles, Vascular diseases of the eyes, Atherosclerosis, Frostbite, Stroke sequelae, Circulatory disorders of the brain, Raynaud’s disease, Trophic ulcers, Impaired attention and memory, Diabetic retinopathy, Vascular lesions in diabetes
Peripheral circulation disorders stage IIb according to the Fontaine classification (“intermittent” claudication): As initial or maintenance treatment when pentoxifylline is administered orally, in combination with surgical treatment or in the preoperative period, or when surgical treatment is not possible; diabetic angiopathy.

Active ingredient

Pentoxifylline

How to take, the dosage

The dose and method of administration are determined by the physician depending on the severity of the circulatory disorders and individual tolerance of the drug.

Interaction

Pentoxifylline increases the effect of heparin, fibrinolytic drugs, theophylline, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic agents (both insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents).

Pentoxifylline may increase the effect of anticoagulant drugs (indirect and direct anticoagulants, thrombolytics), antibiotics (including cephalosporins – cefamandol, cefoperazone, cefotetan), valproic acid.

Cimetidine increases the plasma concentration of pentoxifylline (risk of side effects).

The co-administration with other xanthines may lead to excessive patient jitters.

Contraindications

– Acute myocardial infarction;
– massive bleeding;
– cerebral hemorrhage;
– extensive retinal hemorrhage;
– hemorrhagic diathesis;
– gastric and intestinal ulcers;
– Pregnancy;
– Breast-feeding;
– Childhood and adolescence under 18 years;
– Hypersensitivity to pentoxifylline, other methylxanthine derivatives or components of the drug.

Side effects

Digestive system: dry mouth, decreased appetite, intestinal atony, exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis.

Sensory system disorders: visual impairment, scotoma.

Cardiovascular system: tachycardia, arrhythmia, cardialgia, progression of angina, decreased blood pressure.

Hematopoietic and hemostatic system disorders: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia; bleeding from blood vessels of the skin, mucous membranes, stomach, intestines.

Allergic reactions: itching, skin hyperemia, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Laboratory measures: increase of “liver” transaminases activity (ALT, ACT, LDH) and alkaline phosphatase.

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Overdose

Symptoms: nausea, dizziness, cyanosis, tachycardia, marked decrease in blood pressure, redness of the skin, increased body temperature (chills), agitation, areflexia, tonic-clonic convulsions, “coffee grounds” vomiting, arrhythmia loss of consciousness.

Treatment: symptomatic. Particular attention should be aimed at maintaining blood pressure and respiratory function. Seizures are relieved by administration of diazepam. Urgent measures in case of severe anaphylactic reactions (shock):

• in case of primary signs (sweating, nausea, cyanosis), immediately discontinue the drug;
• in addition to other necessary measures, ensure lower head and upper torso position and provide freedom for breathing;
• urgent medical measures: Administer intravenous epinephrine (adrenaline). If necessary, epinephrine can be repeated.

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Similarities

Vasonit, Trental, Trental 400, Pentoxifylline, Trental 100, Pentoxifylline-SZ