Glucose, 5% 250 ml

Pharmgroup:

Feeding carbohydrate agent.

Pharmic Action:

Participates in various metabolic processes in the body.

The infusion of dextrose solutions partially replenishes the water deficit. On entering the tissues dextrose is phosphorylated into glucose-6-phosphate, which is actively involved in many parts of the body’s metabolism.

The 5% solution of dextrose is isotonic to blood plasma. Hypertonic solutions (10%, 20%, 40%) increase osmotic blood pressure, increase diuresis. The theoretical osmolarity of 10% dextrose is 555 mOsm/L, 20% – 1110 mOsm/L.

Pharmacokinetics:

Is fully absorbed by the body, is not excreted by the kidneys (the appearance in the urine is a pathological sign).

Indications

Hypoglycemia, carbohydrate malnutrition, toxicoinfections, intoxications in liver diseases (hepatitis, dystrophy and atrophy of the liver, including liver failure.including liver failure), hemorrhagic diathesis; dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea, postoperative period); intoxication; collapse, shock.

As a component of various blood substitutes and antishock fluids; for the preparation of IV drug solutions.

Active ingredient

How to take, the dosage

Intravenous drip, 5% solution is administered at a maximum rate of up to 7 ml (150 drops)/min (400 ml/h); maximum daily dose for adults is 2 l.
10% solution – up to 60 drops/min (3 ml/min); maximum daily dose for adults is 1 l.
20% solution – up to 30-40 drops/min 1.5-2 ml/min; maximum daily dose for adults is 500 ml.
40% solution – up to 30 drops/min (1.5 ml/min); maximum daily dose for adults is 250 ml.
Intravenous stream – 10-50 ml of 5 and 10% solutions.

In adults with normal metabolism the daily dose of the administered dextrose should not exceed 4-6 g/kg, i.e. about 250-450 g (if the metabolic rate decreases the daily dose is reduced to 200-300 g), while the daily dose of the administered liquid is 30-40 ml/kg.

In children for parenteral nutrition along with fats and amino acids on the first day 6 g of dextrose/kg/day, later – up to 15 g/kg/day. When calculating the dose of dextrose in the administration of 5 and 10% solutions of dextrose one should take into account the permitted volume of the administered liquid: for children of 2-10 kg body weight – 100-165 ml/kg/day, for children of 10-40 kg body weight – 45-100 ml/kg/day.

Speed of administration: with normal metabolism, the maximum speed of dextrose administration in adults is 0.25-0.5 g/kg/h (with decrease of metabolism intensity the speed of administration is reduced to 0.125-0.25 g/kg/h). In children solutions with concentration no more than 20-25% are used; speed of dextrose administration should not exceed 0.75 g/kg/h.

For more complete absorption of dextrose administered in large doses, short-acting insulin at the rate of 1 unit of insulin per 4-5 g of dextrose is administered simultaneously with it. Patients with diabetes are administered dextrose under control of its content in blood and urine.

Interaction

When combining with other drugs it is necessary to control pharmaceutical compatibility, including visually.

Special Instructions

For more complete and rapid absorption of dextrose, 4-5 units of short-acting insulin may be injected by injection, at a rate of 1 IU of short-acting insulin per 4-5 g of dextrose.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hyperglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hyperhydration, postoperative disorders of glucose utilization; circulatory disorders threatening brain and pulmonary edema; brain edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, hyperosmolar coma, childhood age (for solutions over 20-25%).

With caution. Decompensated CHF, CPN (oligo-, anuria), hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus.

Side effects

Hypervolemia, acute left ventricular failure.

Injection site – development of infection, thrombophlebitis.

Overdose

Symptoms: hyperglycemia, glucosuria, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma, hyperhydration, disruption of water-electrolyte balance, increased liponeogenesis with increased production of CO2, which leads to a sharp increase in minute respiratory volume and, consequently, respiratory rate; fatty liver infiltration.

Treatment: discontinue glucose administration, administer insulin, symptomatic therapy.

Similarities