GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit, lyophilizate 1 mg

GlukaGen HypoKit is hyperglycemic.

Pharmacodynamics

GlukaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit contains genetically engineered human glucagon, a protein-peptide hormone, a physiological insulin antagonist involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Glucagon enhances the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose-6-phosphate (glycogenolysis), resulting in increased blood glucose concentrations.

Glucagon is not effective in treating patients whose liver glycogen stores are depleted. For this reason, glucagon is ineffective or not effective in the treatment of fasting patients or patients with adrenal insufficiency, chronic hypoglycemia or alcohol-induced hypoglycemia.

In contrast to adrenaline, glucagon has no effect on muscle phosphorylase and therefore cannot promote carbohydrate transport from glycogen stores in skeletal muscle.

Glucagon stimulates the release of catecholamines. In the presence of a pheochromocytoma, glucagon can induce the tumor to release large amounts of catecholamines, which cause a sharp increase in BP. Glucagon reduces the contractility of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

In the treatment of severe hypoglycemia, the effect of glucagon on blood glucose content is usually observed within 10 minutes.

Pharmacokinetics

The metabolic clearance rate of glucagon in humans is approximately 10 ml/kg/min. Glucagon is metabolized enzymatically in the blood plasma and in the organs in which it is distributed. The main sites of glucagon metabolism are the liver and kidneys; the contribution of each organ to the total metabolic clearance rate is approximately 30%. T_1/2 of glucagon is 3-6 min.

Indications

Severe hypoglycemic states (low blood glucose levels) occurring in diabetic patients after insulin injection or administration of hypoglycemic tablets.

Active ingredient

Glucagon

Composition

Active ingredient:

Glucagon hydrochloride genetically engineered 1 mg (corresponding to 1 IU) ;

Auxiliary substances:

Lactose monohydrate;

Water for injection (may also include hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide, used in manufacturing the drug to adjust the pH)

How to take, the dosage

For therapy of severe hypoglycemic states

For preparation of the injection solution, 1 mg (1 IU) of lyophilizate is dissolved in 1 ml of solvent.

Adults and children weighing more than 25 kg or older than 6-8 years are administered 1 mg (1 ml, mark on the syringe 1/1). In children weighing less than 25 kg or younger than 6-8 years of age, 0.5 mg (0.5 ml, mark on the syringe 1/2) is administered p/k or v/m. The patient usually regains consciousness within 10 minutes after administration. After the patient regains consciousness, he should be given a carbohydrate-rich meal to prevent hypoglycemia recurrence and to restore glycogen in the liver. If the patient does not regain consciousness within 10 min, dextrose should be given.

All patients with severe hypoglycemia require medical attention.

Interaction

In the background of beta-adrenoblockers, administration of GlucaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit may lead to marked tachycardia and increased BP.

Insulin: the action of glucagon is opposite to that of insulin (insulin is a glucagon antagonist).

Indomethacin: when used together, glucagon may lose its ability to increase blood glucose levels and even cause hypoglycemia.

Warfarin: when used together, glucagon may increase the effect of the anticoagulant warfarin.

Special Instructions

After administration of GlucaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit, the plasma glucose content should be monitored.

GlukaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit has a hyperglycemic effect only in the presence of glycogen in the liver, so it will be ineffective in starving patients, patients with adrenal insufficiency and chronic hypoglycemia, and if hypoglycemia is caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Caution should be exercised when using GlucaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit in patients with insulinoma or glucagonoma.

A diabetic patient should strictly follow the physician’s recommendations to prevent hypoglycemic conditions.

The solution should not be used if it looks like a gel or if the powder has not dissolved completely.

The bottle has a protective, heat-resistant plastic cap with a color code.

In order to dissolve the GlucaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit powder, you must remove the plastic cap. If it is lost or missing when you purchase the vial, return the vial to your pharmacy.

Contraindications

• Elevated individual sensitivity to glucagon or any other component of the drug;
• hyperglycemia;
• feochromocytoma.

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Side effects

Serious side effects are very rare.

Gastrointestinal system disorders: nausea and vomiting may occasionally occur, especially when administering a dose greater than 1 mg or when the drug is administered rapidly (for less than 1 minute).

Cardiovascular system: transient tachycardia, transient elevation.

Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity, including anaphylactic shock.

There have been no side effects indicating toxicity of the drug GlucaGen^®.

If a patient has any adverse reactions, including those not listed above, but in their opinion, caused by the use of GlucaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit, they should tell their physician.

Overdose

In case of overdose of the drug GlucaGen^{® 1 mg HypoKit, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypokalemia, tachycardia, increased BP may occur.}

The treatment is symptomatic. Constant monitoring of potassium level and, if necessary, its correction is necessary. Forced diuresis and hemodialysis are of little effect. If there is vomiting, rehydration and potassium loss replenishment.