GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit, lyophilizate 1 mg

GlukaGen HypoKit is hyperglycemic.

Pharmacodynamics

GlukaGen^® 1 mg HypoKit contains genetically engineered human glucagon, a protein-peptide hormone, a physiological insulin antagonist involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Glucagon enhances the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose-6-phosphate (glycogenolysis), resulting in increased blood glucose concentrations.

Glucagon is not effective in treating patients whose liver glycogen stores are depleted. For this reason, glucagon is ineffective or not effective in the treatment of fasting patients or patients with adrenal insufficiency, chronic hypoglycemia or alcohol-induced hypoglycemia.

In contrast to adrenaline, glucagon has no effect on muscle phosphorylase and therefore cannot promote carbohydrate transport from glycogen stores in skeletal muscle.

Glucagon stimulates the release of catecholamines. In the presence of a pheochromocytoma, glucagon can induce the tumor to release large amounts of catecholamines, which cause a sharp increase in BP. Glucagon reduces the contractility of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

In the treatment of severe hypoglycemia, the effect of glucagon on blood glucose content is usually observed within 10 minutes.

Pharmacokinetics

The metabolic clearance rate of glucagon in humans is approximately 10 ml/kg/min. Glucagon is metabolized enzymatically in the blood plasma and in the organs in which it is distributed. The main sites of glucagon metabolism are the liver and kidneys; the contribution of each organ to the total metabolic clearance rate is approximately 30%. T_1/2 of glucagon is 3-6 min.

Indications

Severe hypoglycemic conditions (low blood glucose levels) that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus after injecting insulin or taking tableted hypoglycemic drugs.

Pharmacological effect

GlucaGen HypoKit – hyperglycemic.

Pharmacodynamics

GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit contains genetically engineered human glucagon – a protein-peptide hormone, a physiological antagonist of insulin, involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Glucagon increases the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose-6-phosphate (glycogenolysis), resulting in an increase in blood glucose concentrations.

Glucagon is not effective in treating patients whose liver glycogen stores are depleted. For this reason, glucagon has little or no effect in the treatment of fasted patients or patients with adrenal insufficiency, chronic hypoglycemia, or alcohol-induced hypoglycemia.

Unlike epinephrine, glucagon has no effect on muscle phosphorylase and therefore cannot promote the transfer of carbohydrates from glycogen stores in skeletal muscle.

Glucagon stimulates the release of catecholamines. In the presence of pheochromocytoma, glucagon can provoke the tumor to release large amounts of catecholamines, which cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. Glucagon reduces the contractility of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

The effect of the drug begins 1 minute after intravenous injection, the duration of action is 5–20 minutes depending on the dose and organ. The effect of the drug after intramuscular injection begins after 5–15 minutes and lasts from 10 to 40 minutes, depending on the dose and organ.

When treating severe hypoglycemia, the effect of glucagon on blood glucose is usually observed within 10 minutes.

Pharmacokinetics

The rate of metabolic clearance of glucagon in humans is approximately 10 ml/kg/min. Glucagon is metabolized enzymatically in the blood plasma and in the organs in which it is distributed. The major sites of glucagon metabolism are the liver and kidneys, with each organ contributing approximately 30% to the overall rate of metabolic clearance. T1/2 of glucagon is 3–6 minutes.

Special instructions

After administration of the drug GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit, it is necessary to monitor the glucose level in the blood plasma.

GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit has a hyperglycemic effect only in the presence of glycogen in the liver, so it will not be effective in fasting patients, in patients with adrenal insufficiency and chronic hypoglycemia, or if hypoglycemia is caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Caution should be exercised when using GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit in patients with insulinoma or glucagonoma.

A patient with diabetes mellitus must strictly adhere to medical recommendations aimed at preventing hypoglycemic conditions.

Do not use the solution if it looks like a gel or if the powder has not completely dissolved.

The bottle has a protective, heat-resistant plastic cap with a color code.

In order to dissolve the powder of the drug GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit, you must remove the plastic cap. If it is lost or missing when you purchase the bottle, return the bottle to the pharmacy.

Active ingredient

Glucagon

Composition

Active ingredient:

glucagon hydrochloride genetically engineered 1 mg (corresponds to 1 IU);

Excipients:

lactose monohydrate;

water for injection (the composition may also include hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide, used in the production of the drug to adjust the pH)

Contraindications

Increased individual sensitivity to glucagon or any other component of the drug;
hyperglycemia;
pheochromocytoma.

Side Effects

Severe side effects are very rare.

From the digestive system: nausea and vomiting may sometimes occur, especially when administering a dose of more than 1 mg or when administering the drug quickly (within less than 1 minute).

From the cardiovascular system: short-term tachycardia, transient increase in blood pressure.

From the immune system: hypersensitivity, including anaphylactic shock.

Side effects indicating toxicity of the drug GlucaGen® have not been registered.

If the patient experiences any adverse reactions, incl. and not listed above, but in his opinion, caused by the use of the drug GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit, he must inform the doctor about this.

Interaction

Against the background of beta-blockers, the administration of GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit can lead to severe tachycardia and increased blood pressure.

Insulin: The action of glucagon is opposite to the action of insulin (insulin is a glucagon antagonist).

Indomethacin: When used together, glucagon may lose its ability to increase blood glucose and even cause hypoglycemia.

Warfarin: When used together, glucagon may enhance the effect of the anticoagulant warfarin.

Overdose

An overdose of GlucaGen® 1 mg HypoKit may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypokalemia, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure.

Treatment is symptomatic. Constant monitoring of potassium levels is necessary and, if necessary, its correction. The use of forced diuresis and hemodialysis is ineffective. If vomiting occurs, rehydrate and replace potassium losses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C (do not freeze)

Shelf life

2 years

Manufacturer

Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark