Tritace, tablets 5 mg 28 pcs

Tritace is an antihypertensive drug, an ACE inhibitor. Ramiprilat, the active metabolite of ramipril, is a long-acting ACE inhibitor. In blood plasma and tissues this enzyme catalyzes the transition of angiotensin I into angiotensin II (active vasoconstrictor) and the cleavage of the active vasodilator bradykinin.

Decreasing angiotensin II formation and increasing bradykinin activity leads to vasodilation and contributes to the cardioprotective and endothelioprotective effects of ramipril. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone, in this regard, ramipril causes reduction of aldosterone secretion.

The administration of ramipril leads to a significant decrease in RPS, generally without causing changes in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.

The administration of ramipril causes a decrease in BP in both the supine and standing positions without a compensatory increase in HR. Hypotensive effect starts 1-2 hours after oral administration of a single dose of the drug and lasts for 24 hours.

The maximal antihypertensive effect of Tritace usually develops by 3-4 weeks of continuous drug administration and is maintained for a long time. Sudden discontinuation of the drug does not lead to a rapid and significant increase in BP.

The use of the drug reduces mortality (including sudden death), the risk of development of severe heart failure, reduces the number of hospitalizations of patients with clinical signs of chronic heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.

In patients with diabetic and nondiabetic clinically significant nephropathy the drug decreases rate of progression of renal failure, and in preclinical stage of diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy ramipril decreases albuminuria. The drug favorably influences carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile, causes reduction of marked myocardial and vascular wall hypertrophy.

Indications

Active ingredient

Composition

1 tablet contains:

ramipril 5 mg.

Excipients:

Hypromellose,

Pregelatinized starch,

microcrystalline cellulose,

sodium stearyl fumarate,

red iron oxide dye.

How to take, the dosage

Arterial hypertension: orally, the initial dose is 2.5 mg, once, in the morning, on an empty stomach or twice a day. In case of insufficient hypotensive effect, the dose is gradually increased every 2-3 weeks. The maximum daily dose is 10 mg, the maintenance dose is 2.5-5 mg.

In the absence of optimal BP lowering, diuretic drugs are prescribed in addition. CHF: the initial dose is 1.25 mg/day; if necessary, increase the dose to 2.5 mg for 1-2 weeks.

When treating patients who have had a myocardial infarction, the initial dose is 2.5 mg 2 times a day (in case of poor tolerance, the first 2 days take 1.25 mg).

Kidney failure (CK 30-60 ml/min), age over 65 years, diabetes mellitus: initial dose – 1.25 mg, maintenance dose – 2.5 mg; maximum dose – 5 mg/day.

Interaction

In concomitant use with Tritace of potassium salts, potassium-saving diuretics (e.g., amiloride, triamterene, spironolactone) hyperkalemia is observed (serum potassium control is necessary).

The concomitant use of Tritace with antihypertensive agents (in particular diuretics) and other BP-lowering drugs leads to increased effect of ramipril.

Concomitant use with hypnotics, opioids and analgesics may cause a sharp decrease in BP.

Vasopressor sympathomimetic drugs (epinephrine) and estrogens may cause weakening of the action of ramipril.

When Tritace is used simultaneously with allopurinol , procainamide, cytostatic agents, immunosuppressants, systemic GCS and other drugs that may change the blood pattern, a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood may occur.

Concomitant use with lithium preparations may increase the concentration of lithium in plasma, which leads to increased cardio- and neurotic effects of lithium.

In concomitant use of Tritace with oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylurea derivatives, biguanides), insulin increases hypoglycemia. NSAIDs (indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid) may decrease the effectiveness of ramipril.

Concomitant use with heparin may increase the concentration of potassium in the blood serum.

Baking salt decreases the effectiveness of ramipril.

Ethanol increases the hypotensive effect of ramipril.

Special Instructions

After the first dose, as well as when increasing the dose of diuretic and/or ramipril, patients should be under medical supervision for 8 hours to avoid the development of uncontrolled hypotensive reaction. In patients with CHF, taking the drug may lead to development of severe arterial hypotension, which in some cases is accompanied by oliguria or azotemia and rarely – by development of acute renal failure.

The lower limit of systolic BP for therapy in early myocardial infarction is 100 mm Hg. Patients with malignant arterial hypertension or concomitant decompensated CHF should start treatment in a hospital setting. Before and during therapy with ACE inhibitors, a total leukocyte count and leukocytic formula determination are necessary (up to once a month during the first 3-6 months of treatment in patients at high risk of neutropenia – at renal dysfunction, systemic connective tissue diseases or those receiving high doses, as well as at first signs of infection). If neutropenia is confirmed (neutrophil count is less than 2,000/μL), therapy with ACE inhibitors should be stopped.

Before and during treatment it is necessary to monitor BP, renal function (creatinine, urea), K+ and other electrolytes in plasma, Hb, activity of “liver” enzymes in blood. Caution should be exercised when prescribing the drug to patients on low-salt or no-salt diet (increased risk of arterial hypotension). In patients with decreased blood circulation (as a result of diuretic therapy), with salt restriction, during dialysis, with diarrhea and vomiting it is possible to develop symptomatic hypotension.

Transient hypotension is not a contraindication for continuation of treatment after BP stabilization. In case of repeated occurrence of severe hypotension, the dose should be reduced or the drug should be discontinued. The use of dialysis membranes AN69 in combination with ACE inhibitors is not recommended (because of the possibility of anaphylactoid reactions in patients). If a history of angioedema not related to ACE inhibitors has been reported, these patients are still at increased risk of developing it when taken.

Safety and efficacy in pediatric practice: In newborns who have had intrauterine exposure to ACE inhibitors, close monitoring for hypotension, oliguria, and hyperkalemia is recommended. In oliguria, BP and renal perfusion should be maintained by administration of appropriate fluids and vasoconstrictors.

In newborns and infants, there is a risk of oliguria and neurologic impairment, possibly due to decreased renal and cerebral blood flow due to the decrease in BP caused by ACE inhibitors (received by pregnant women and after delivery); lower initial doses and close monitoring are recommended.

Caution should be exercising or in hot weather because of the risk of dehydration and arterial hypotension due to reduced fluid volume. The use of ethanol is not recommended. A surgeon/anesthesiologist should be advised of the use of ACE inhibitors before surgical procedures (including dentistry).

At the time of treatment, caution should be exercised when driving motor vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous activities requiring increased concentration and rapid psychomotor reactions (dizziness is possible, especially after the initial dose of ACE inhibitor in patients taking diuretic drugs).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ramipril or other ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors, history of angioedema on ACE inhibitor therapy, hereditary or idiopathic angioedema, bilateral renal artery stenosis, renal artery stenosis, post renal transplantation, hemodynamically significant aortic or mitral stenosis, GOCMP, primary hyperaldosteronism, pregnancy, lactation.

With caution. Severe lesions of coronary and cerebral arteries (danger of decreased blood flow with excessive lowering of BP), unstable angina pectoris, severe ventricular rhythm disorders, terminal CHF, decompensated “pulmonary” heart, diseases requiring prescription of GCS and immunosuppressants (no clinical experience) – includingincluding systemic connective tissue diseases, renal and/or hepatic insufficiency, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia (including with diuretics and diet limiting Na+ intake), conditions accompanied with decreased blood circulation (including diarrhea, vomiting), elderly age, age 18 years (safety and effectiveness of use have not been studied).

Side effects

The following adverse effects are given in accordance with the following gradations of their frequency of occurrence: very often (≥10%), often (≥1%,

Cardiovascular system: frequent – excessive BP decrease, impaired orthostatic regulation of vascular tone (orthostatic hypotension), syncopal states; sometimes – myocardial ischemia, including development of angina attack or myocardial infarction, tachycardia, arrhythmias (appearance or increase), palpitation, peripheral edema, blood flushes to the facial skin rare – occurrence or exacerbation of circulatory disorders against the background of stenotic vascular lesions, vasculitis; frequency is unknown – Raynaud’s syndrome.

CNS disorders: frequent – headache, feeling of “lightness” in the head; sometimes – dizziness, agueusia (loss of taste sensitivity), dysgeusia (impaired taste sensitivity), depressed mood, anxiety, nervousness, motor anxiety, sleep disorders, including drowsiness; rarely – tremor, balance disorder, confusion; frequency unknown – cerebral ischemia, including ischemic stroke and transient cerebral circulation disorder, psychomotor reactions, paresthesia (burning sensation), parosmia (smell perception disorder), attention disorder.

Sides of the visual organ: sometimes – visual disorders, including blurred vision; rarely – conjunctivitis.

Hearing organ: rare – hearing disorders, tinnitus.

Respiratory system: often – dry cough (increasing at night and when lying down), bronchitis, sinusitis, shortness of breath; sometimes – bronchospasm, including aggravation of bronchial asthma, nasal congestion.

The digestive system: often – inflammatory reactions in the stomach and intestines, digestive disorders, abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; sometimes – pancreatitis, including death. with fatal outcome (cases of pancreatitis with fatal outcome while taking ACE inhibitors were extremely rarely observed), increased pancreatic enzyme activity in blood plasma, intestinal angioneurotic edema, abdominal pain, gastritis, constipation, dry oral mucosa; rarely – glossitis; frequency is unknown – aphthous stomatitis (inflammatory reaction of oral mucosa).

Hepatobiliary system: sometimes – increase of liver enzymes activity and concentration of conjugated bilirubin in blood plasma; rarely – cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular lesions; frequency unknown – acute liver failure, cholestatic or cytolytic hepatitis (lethal outcome was observed extremely rarely).

Renal and urinary tract disorders: sometimes – renal dysfunction, including development of acute renal failure, increased urine excretion, increased pre-existing proteinuria, increased concentration of urea and creatinine in blood.

Reproductive system and mammary glands: sometimes – transient impotence due to erectile dysfunction, decreased libido; frequency unknown: gynecomastia.

Hematopoietic system: sometimes – eosinophilia; rarely – leukopenia, including neutropenia and agranulocytosis, decrease of erythrocytes in peripheral blood, decrease of hemoglobin concentration, thrombocytopenia; frequency of unknown – suppression of medullar hemopoiesis, pancytopenia, hemolytic anemia.

Skin and mucous membranes: frequently – skin rash (maculopapular); sometimes – angioedema, including lethal. with fatal outcome (laryngeal edema can cause airway obstruction, leading to death), skin itching, hyperhidrosis; rarely – exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, onycholysis; very rare – photosensitization reactions; Frequency unknown – toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, pemphigus, worsening of psoriasis, psoriasis-like dermatitis, pemphigoid or lichenoid (lichen-like) exanthema or enanthema, alopecia.
Musculoskeletal system: often – muscle cramps, myalgia; sometimes – arthralgia.

Disorders of metabolism, nutrition and laboratory parameters: frequent – increase of potassium concentration in blood; sometimes – anorexia, decreased appetite; frequency is unknown – decrease of sodium concentration in blood.

Immune system disorders: frequency unknown – anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions (when ACE inhibition increases the number of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to insect venoms), increased concentration of antinuclear antibodies.

General disorders: often – chest pain, feeling of fatigue; sometimes – increase in body temperature; rarely – asthenia (weakness).

Overdose

Symptoms: marked BP decrease, shock, marked bradycardia, disorders of water-electrolyte balance, acute renal failure, stupor.

Treatment: gastric lavage, adsorbents, sodium sulfate administration (if possible during the first 30 minutes). If arterial hypotension develops, the therapy for the replenishment of the blood circulation volume and restoration of salt balance may be supplemented by administration of alpha 1-adrenergic stimulants (norepinephrine, dopamine) and angiotensin II (angiotensinamide).

Similarities