Sodium chloride, 0.9% 100 ml

It has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect. It replenishes sodium deficiency in various pathological states of the body and temporarily increases the volume of fluid circulating in blood vessels.

The pharmacodynamic properties of the solution are due to the presence of sodium ions and chloride ions. A number of ions, including sodium ions, pass through the cell membrane by various transport mechanisms, among which the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K-ATPase) is important. Sodium plays an important role in signal transduction in neurons, the electrophysiological processes of the heart, as well as in metabolic processes in the kidneys.

Sodium is excreted mainly by the kidneys, however, a large amount of sodium is reabsorbed (renal reabsorption). A small amount of sodium is excreted in the feces and by perspiration.

Indications

Active ingredient

Composition

100 ml of solution contains:

Sodium chloride 900 mg

How to take, the dosage

Intravenously (usually by drip). The required dose can be calculated in mEq or mmol sodium, the mass of sodium ions or the mass of sodium chloride (1 g NaCl = 394 mg, 17.1 mEq or 17.1 mmol Na andCl).

The dose is determined according to the patient’s condition, fluid loss, Na+ and Cl-, age, and body weight. Serum electrolyte concentrations in plasma and urine should be carefully monitored.

The dose of sodium chloride solution for adults is 500 ml to 3 L per day.

The dose of sodium chloride solution for children is from 20 ml to 100 ml per day per kg of body weight (depending on age and total body weight). The rate of administration depends on the patient’s condition.

The recommended dose when used for dilution and dissolution of parenterally administered drugs (as a basic solvent solution) is in the range from 50 ml to 250 ml per dose of the administered drug.

The dose and rate of administration of the solution is determined by the recommendations for the administered medication.

Interaction

Not described.

When mixing with other medicinal products it is necessary to visually control compatibility.

To do this, the resulting solution should be observed for changes in color and/or precipitation, crystals, insoluble complexes. The instructions for use of the added preparations should also be taken into account.

Special Instructions

In any infusion, the patient’s condition and clinical and biological parameters should be monitored; it is especially important to evaluate plasma electrolytes. In children, due to immature renal function, sodium excretion may be delayed. Therefore, in such patients repeated infusions should be carried out only after determining the plasma sodium concentration.

Take only a clear solution, without visible inclusions, if the package is not damaged. Administer directly after connection to an infusion system.

As with all parenteral solutions, the compatibility of the added substances with the solution must be determined prior to dissolution.

Particulates known to be incompatible must not be used with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The physician should determine the compatibility of the added medication with 0.9% sodium chloride solution by checking for possible discoloration and/or the appearance of precipitate, insoluble complexes or crystals.

Before adding, it must be determined if the substance to be added is soluble and stable in water at the same pH as 0.9% sodium chloride solution

The temperature of the infusion solution should be 38°C.

Contraindications

When other drugs are added to the solution, the contraindications for these drugs should be considered.

With caution: decompensated chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, preeclampsia, chronic renal failure (oligo-, anuria), aldosteronism and other conditions associated with sodium retention in the body.

Side effects

Acidosis, hyperhydration, hypokalemia.

If used correctly, undesirable effects are unlikely.

When sodium chloride 0.9% solution is used as the base solution (solvent) for other drugs, the possibility of side effects is determined by the properties of these drugs. In this case, if adverse reactions occur, the solution should be suspended, the patient’s condition evaluated, adequate measures taken, and the remaining solution saved for analysis, if necessary.

Overdose

Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, spastic abdominal pain, thirst, decreased salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, renal failure, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability, weakness, muscle cramps and rigidity, generalized seizures, coma and death. Excessive administration of the solution may cause hypernatremia.

Excessive infusion of chloride into the body may lead to hyperchloric acidosis.

When used as a base solution to dilute and dissolve other drugs, the symptoms and complaints of over-intake are most often related to the properties of the drugs being administered.

If unintentional overmedication occurs, treatment should be discontinued and the patient’s condition evaluated.

Treatment: symptomatic.

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