Ampicillin, tablets 250 mg, 20 pcs.

Ampicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin, broad-spectrum, bactericidal. It is acid-resistant. It suppresses the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

It is active against Gram-positive (alpha- and beta-hemolytic Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp, moderately active against most Enterococcus spp, including Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp.) and gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia multocida (previously Pasteurella), many species of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli) microorganisms, aerobic non-producing bacteria.

Ineffective against penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus spp., all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most strains of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration ampicillin has a low degree of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

Ingestion with food further reduces absorption of the drug. Ampicillin penetrates into bronchial secretions, sinuses, middle ear, cerebrospinal fluid; it is excreted with breast milk and penetrates into amniotic fluid.

Indications

Bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens:

respiratory tract and ENT organs (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess),
kidney and urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis), gonorrhea, biliary system infections (cholangitis, cholecystitis),
cervicitis,
infections of the skin and soft tissues: erysipelas, impetigo, secondary infected dermatoses;
musculoskeletal infections;
pasteurellosis, listeriosis, gastrointestinal tract infections (typhoid and paratyphoid, dysentery, salmonellosis, abdominal infections (peritonitis), endocarditis (prevention and treatment), meningitis, sepsis.

Pharmacological effect

Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin, broad-spectrum, bactericidal. Acid resistant. Suppresses bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Active against gram-positive (alpha- and beta-hemolytic Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., moderately active against most Enterococcus spp., including Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp.) and gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia multocida (formerly Pasteurella), many species of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli) microorganisms, aerobic non-spore-forming bacteria.

Ineffective against penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus spp., all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most strains of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, ampicillin has a low degree of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

Taking with food further reduces the absorption of the drug. Ampicillin penetrates into bronchial secretions, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and cerebrospinal fluid; excreted in breast milk and penetrates into the amniotic fluid.

Special instructions

Before initiating therapy, appropriate tests should be performed to identify the microorganisms causing the disease and assess sensitivity to ampicillin. Ampicillin therapy may be started pending the results of these tests. When the test results become known, therapy should be continued taking into account the data obtained.

During a course of treatment, it is necessary to monitor the state of the function of the hematopoietic organs, liver and kidneys.

It is possible that superinfection may develop due to the growth of microflora that is insensitive to it, which requires a corresponding change in antibacterial therapy.

When prescribed to patients with sepsis, the development of a bacteriolysis reaction (Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction) is possible.

For mild infections in children, it is preferable to prescribe the drug in the form of a suspension.

In patients who are hypersensitive to penicillins, cross-allergic reactions with other beta-lactam antibiotics are possible.

When treating mild diarrhea that occurs during a course of treatment, antidiarrheal drugs that reduce intestinal motility should be avoided; You can use kaolin- or attapulgite-containing antidiarrheal drugs; discontinuation of the drug is indicated. If diarrhea is severe, consult a doctor.

Treatment must be continued for another 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of the disease.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms.

Considering the side effects of ampicillin on the nervous system (headache, tremor, convulsions, confusion), during the period of treatment you should refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Active ingredient

Ampicillin

Composition

1 tablet contains:

active ingredient:

ampicillin trihydrate 250 mg.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy, use is possible if the expected effect of therapy for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.

FDA category of effect on the fetus is B (animal reproduction studies have not revealed a risk of adverse effects on the fetus, and adequate and strictly controlled studies have not been conducted in pregnant women).

Breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ampicillin (including other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems),
infectious mononucleosis,
lymphocytic leukemia,
liver failure,
history of gastrointestinal diseases (especially colitis associated with the use of antibiotics),
lactation period.

With caution

Bronchial asthma, hay fever and other allergic diseases, renal failure, history of bleeding, childhood.

Side Effects

Allergic reactions: itching and peeling of the skin, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia, erythematous and maculopapular rash, exfoliative dermatitis, exudative erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), reactions similar to serum sickness, anaphylactic shock, a non-allergic ampicillin rash, may disappear without stopping the drug.

From the digestive system: dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, gastritis, dryness of the oral mucosa, change in taste, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, glossitis, moderate increase in the activity of “liver” transaminases, pseudomembranous colitis.

From the central nervous system: headache, tremor, convulsions (with high-dose therapy), agitation, aggressiveness, anxiety, confusion, behavior changes, depression.

Laboratory indicators: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia.

Local reactions: pain at the injection site, infiltrates when administered intramuscularly, phlebitis when administered intravenously in large doses.

Other: interstitial nephritis, nephropathy, superinfection (especially in patients with chronic diseases or reduced body resistance), vaginal candidiasis.

Interaction

Pharmaceutically incompatible with aminoglycosides.
Bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) have a synergistic effect; bacteriostatic drugs (macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) – antagonistic.

Increases the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and the prothrombin index); reduces the effectiveness of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (it is necessary to use additional methods of contraception), drugs during the metabolism of which para-aminobenzoic acid is formed, ethinyl estradiol (in the latter case, the risk of breakthrough bleeding increases).

Diuretics, allopurinol, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs that block tubular secretion increase the concentration of ampicillin in plasma (by reducing tubular secretion).
Allopurinol increases the risk of developing skin rashes.
Reduces clearance and increases toxicity of methotrexate.

Overdose

Symptoms: manifestations of toxic effects on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal failure); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, water and electrolyte imbalance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea).

Treatment: medications to maintain water and electrolyte balance and symptomatic. Eliminated by hemodialysis.

Storage conditions

In a dry place, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C

Shelf life

2 years

Manufacturer

Belmedpreparaty, Belarus